NURS FPX 8045 Assessment 5 Nursing Project Proposal & Communication Assessment

Name

Capella University

NURS-FPX 8045 Doctoral Writing and Professional Practice

Prof. Name

Date

Synthesis of the Evidence on Obesity

Introduction

Obesity is a complex, progressive, and recurring chronic condition characterized by excessive body fat that negatively affects overall health and well-being. Globally recognized as a growing epidemic, obesity is classified based on Body Mass Index (BMI), with a BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m² categorized as overweight and morbid obesity as a BMI of 30 kg/m² or higher. In the United States, the prevalence of obesity has risen significantly, from 4.6% in 1980 to 14.0% in 2019. Currently, 42% of adults are affected by obesity, leading to substantial healthcare costs of $3.8 trillion in 2019. Despite being recognized as a chronic disease, obesity continues to be underdiagnosed and undertreated.

This synthesis explores five research articles related to obesity prevalence. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the evidence for proposing obesity-related projects. The reviewed articles include Boutari and Mantzoros (2022) on the epidemiology of obesity, Caterson et al. (2019) on the misalignment between perceptions and actions in obesity care, Farrell et al. (2021) on the lived experiences of individuals with obesity, Silveira et al. (2022) on sedentary behavior and physical inactivity, and Sun et al. (2022) on trends in general and abdominal obesity in U.S. adults.

Critical Literature Review

The review of the articles highlights the increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated complications, including musculoskeletal issues, metabolic effects, and increased cancer risks. Caterson et al. (2019) reveal significant gaps in obesity care, calling for interventions that go beyond lifestyle changes. Silveira et al. (2022) address the high prevalence of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity, stressing the importance of assessing patients’ readiness to change. Farrell et al. (2021) emphasize the lived experiences of people with obesity, advocating for a more comprehensive approach to tackling this chronic disease. Sun et al. (2022) explore trends in general and abdominal obesity, reiterating the ongoing burden of obesity in the United States.

In conclusion, the synthesis demonstrates the need for urgent action to combat the obesity epidemic. It emphasizes that interventions must extend beyond lifestyle modifications and should include a holistic approach to address the complexities of obesity. A deeper understanding of the lived experiences of obese individuals and the role of sedentary behavior will be essential in developing effective strategies to improve patient outcomes.

Conceptual Framework

Study	Conceptual Framework
Boutari & Mantzoros (2022)	Division of the world into six regions: Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific, for evaluating obesity prevalence.
Caterson et al. (2019)	Misalignment between perceptions and actions in obesity care, focusing on adults with obesity and healthcare providers (HCPs). Obesity is viewed as a chronic disease requiring comprehensive care beyond lifestyle changes.
Silveira et al. (2022)	Explores associations between sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, and obesity, emphasizing the need for obesity screening and targeted interventions for adults with obesity.
Farrell et al. (2021)	Addresses the lived experiences of individuals with obesity and argues that obesity is a complex chronic disease requiring a holistic approach.
Sun et al. (2022)	Investigates trends in general and abdominal obesity among U.S. adults, with a focus on the increasing burden of obesity-related health complications.

Study Design and Methodology

Study	Design/Method
Boutari & Mantzoros (2022)	Analysis of preexisting data on obesity prevalence from various global regions, focusing on trends between 1980 and 2019.
Caterson et al. (2019)	Cross-sectional, non-interventional study based on an online survey conducted across 11 countries as part of the ACTION IO study.
Silveira et al. (2022)	Systematic review and meta-analysis, focusing on sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, and obesity.
Farrell et al. (2021)	Systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies, focusing on the lived experiences of people with obesity.
Sun et al. (2022)	Complex stratified multistage-clustered sampling design, investigating trends in general and abdominal obesity in U.S. adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Major Variables and Findings

Study	Major Variables	Findings
Boutari & Mantzoros (2022)	BMI, age, gender, location.	The prevalence of obesity increased from 4.6% in 1980 to 14.0% in 2019, with higher rates among women and older individuals aged 50–65 years.
Caterson et al. (2019)	BMI, perception of obesity, responsibility for weight loss.	Obesity is recognized as a chronic disease, with most individuals with obesity assuming responsibility for their weight loss. There is a misalignment between perception and action in addressing obesity, highlighting the need for improved care.
Silveira et al. (2022)	Sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, BMI.	Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity are prevalent among individuals with obesity, suggesting the need for obesity screening and interventions targeting behavior change.
Farrell et al. (2021)	BMI, lived experiences of individuals with obesity.	Individuals with obesity face complex challenges, and a holistic approach is needed to address their physical and psychological needs.
Sun et al. (2022)	Weight, height, BMI, trends in general and abdominal obesity.	The prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in U.S. adults has been steadily increasing, contributing to a significant public health burden.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this synthesis highlights the pressing need to address the obesity epidemic through comprehensive interventions. The articles collectively emphasize that obesity requires more than lifestyle changes. Understanding the lived experiences of individuals with obesity, addressing sedentary behavior, and implementing a multifaceted approach are crucial for developing effective strategies to reduce obesity and improve health outcomes.

References

Boutari, C., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2022). A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: As its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on. Metabolism, 133, 155217.

Caterson, I. D., Alfadda, A. A., Auerbach, P., Coutinho, W., Cuevas, A., Dicker, D., Hughes, C., Iwabu, M., Kang, J., Nawar, R., Reynoso, R., Rhee, N., Rigas, G., Salvador, J., Sbraccia, P., Vázquez-Velázquez, V., & Halford, J. C. (2019). Gaps to bridge: Misalignment between perception, reality, and actions in obesity. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 21(8), 1914–1924.

Farrell, E., Bustillo, M., le Roux, C. W., Nadglowski, J., Hollmann, E., & McGillicuddy, D. (2021). The lived experience of people with obesity: Study protocol for a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies. Systematic Reviews, 10(1).

NURS FPX 8045 Assessment 5 Nursing Project Proposal & Communication Assessment

Silveira, E., Mendonça, C., Delpino, F., Elias Souza, G., Pereira de Souza Rosa, L., de Oliveira, C., & Noll, M. (2022). Sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity and obesity in adults and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 50, 63–73.

Sun, J.-Y., Huang, W.-J., Hua, Y., Qu, Q., Cheng, C., Liu, H.-L., Kong, X.-Q., Ma, Y.-X., & Sun, W. (2022). Trends in general and abdominal obesity in US adults: Evidence from the national health and nutrition examination survey (2001–2018). Frontiers in Public Health, 10.