NURS FPX 8045 Assessment 6 Synthesis of the Evidence: Substantiating an Intervention for Obesity

NURS FPX 8045 Assessment 6 Synthesis of the Evidence: Substantiating an Intervention for Obesity

Name

Capella University

NURS-FPX 8045 Doctoral Writing and Professional Practice

Prof. Name

Date

Synthesis of the Evidence: Substantiating an Intervention for Obesity

Obesity is a critical public health issue, with 42% of adults affected and an estimated healthcare expenditure of $3.8 trillion in 2019 (State of Nevada, 2021). Despite its recognition as a chronic disease, obesity remains underdiagnosed and undertreated (Caterson et al., 2019). In female patients, the effects of screening for readiness to change, introducing a weight loss bundle with diet and exercise education, and conducting monthly check-ins will be examined in comparison to no intervention. The outcome will assess compliance with weight loss education during primary care visits at 4 weeks and 8 weeks (American Diabetic Association, 2021; Sutton, 2022; ElSayed et al., 2022; Gaesser & Angadi, 2021; Lin & Li, 2021; Ruban et al., 2019; Samuel N & Megan, 2019; Wyatt, 2018).

Critical Review of the Literature

The American Diabetic Association (2021) highlights the importance of evaluating patients’ readiness to make behavioral changes in weight loss interventions. The transtheoretical model, consisting of pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance stages, is a key framework for promoting readiness for change (Sutton, 2022). ElSayed et al. (2022) note the connection between obesity and the increased risk of type 2 diabetes, supporting the feasibility of long-term weight management. Gaesser and Angadi’s (2021) meta-analysis suggests that maintaining an overweight BMI can reduce mortality risks, shedding light on weight-neutral strategies. Lin and Li (2021) emphasize the importance of food quality in obesity management. Additionally, Ruban et al. (2019) provide an overview of interventions ranging from dietary modifications to surgical options. Samuel N and Megan (2019) emphasize a multi-pronged approach, including lifestyle counseling, medications, and bariatric surgery. Wyatt (2018) underscores the significance of diet adherence in predicting successful weight loss outcomes.

Synthesis of the Literature

Obesity is influenced by various genetic and environmental factors, requiring a comprehensive management approach that considers metabolic, social, cultural, behavioral, physiological, and genetic aspects (American Diabetic Association, 2021; Sutton, 2022; Lin & Li, 2021). Screening for readiness to change and tailoring interventions accordingly is crucial for effective weight management (American Diabetic Association, 2021; Sutton, 2022). Theoretical models of behavior change guide interventions such as calorie restriction, macronutrient management, exercise, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery, all of which have been shown to contribute positively to obesity management (Ruban et al., 2019; Samuel N & Megan, 2019; Wyatt, 2018).

Evaluation of the Quality of the Literature

Using the Strength of Recommendations Table (SORT) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework, the reviewed literature demonstrates various evidence levels. High-quality evidence, as seen in studies by ElSayed et al. (2022) and Gaesser & Angadi (2021), supports the benefits and feasibility of weight loss interventions. Medium-quality evidence from Lin & Li (2021) stresses the significance of food quality in obesity management. Evidence from Wyatt (2018) and Samuel N & Megan (2019) ranks as Level 1, SORT category A, highlighting the multifaceted nature of obesity treatment and the critical role of diet adherence.

Conclusion

Obesity presents a serious health and economic challenge, affecting 42% of the adult population. Addressing obesity requires interventions tailored to patient readiness for change, including dietary adjustments, increased physical activity, and, in some cases, bariatric surgery. A wide range of literature supports the importance of a comprehensive approach to obesity management, though future research could further explore gender-specific strategies and long-term treatment outcomes.

Table: Key Insights from the Literature

References

American Diabetic Association. (2021). Obesity and weight management for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Supplement_1), S113–S124. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-s008

ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., Perry, M., Prahalad, P., Pratley, R. E., Seley, J., Stanton, R. C., & Gabbay, R. A. (2022). Obesity and weight management for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement_1), S128–S139. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-s008

Gaesser, G. A., & Angadi, S. S. (2021). Obesity treatment: Weight loss versus increasing fitness and physical activity for reducing health risks. iScience, 24(10), 102995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102995

NURS FPX 8045 Assessment 6 Synthesis of the Evidence: Substantiating an Intervention for Obesity

Lin, X., & Li, H. (2021). Obesity: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.706978

Ruban, A., Stoenchev, K., Ashrafian, H., & Teare, J. (2019). Current treatments for obesity. Clinical Medicine, 19(3), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.19-3-205

Samuel N, G., & Megan, W. (2019). Approach to obesity management in the primary care setting. Journal of Obesity and Weight-loss Medication, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-4010.1510024

Sutton, J. (2022, October 13). How to assess and improve readiness for change. PositivePsychology.com. https://positivepsychology.com/readiness-for-change/

Wyatt, H. R. (2018). Update on treatment strategies for obesity. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 98(4), 1299–1306. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-3115