BIOS 242 Week 6 Disease Worksheet

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Chamberlain University

BIOS-242 Fundamentals of Microbiology

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Date

Disease Worksheet

Disease	Pathogen Name	Characteristics	Type of Pathogen	Body System Affected	Virulence Factor	Signs & Symptoms	Pathogenesis and Epidemiology	Disease Treatment & Prevention
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome	Staphylococcus aureus	Gram-positive, presents 48 hours after birth, survives on surfaces for hours to weeks.	Bacterial skin	Skin	Antigens, Capsule, Adhesins, Enzymes, Coagulase, Lipase, Hyaluronidase, Staphylokinase	Fussiness, tiredness, fever, redness of skin, fluid-filled blisters, large sheets of skin may peel away.	Caused by exfoliative toxin from ~5% of Staphylococcus aureus. Initial infection at oral/nasal cavities or umbilicus. Affects ~56 per 100,000.	Intravenous antibiotics necessary; prevention involves avoiding primary staphylococcal infection.
Necrotizing Fasciitis	Staphylococcus pyogenes / S. aureus	Anaerobic, gram-positive coccus; survives on surfaces for hours to weeks.	Bacterial	Tissue	Polysaccharide capsules, M proteins	Hot, intense pain, fever, fatigue, muscle aches, sunburn rash.	Rapidly spreading infection with extensive tissue destruction. Incidence is 0.40 per 100,000 in adults; higher in children at 0.08.	Immediate IV antibiotics; surgical removal of infected tissue often required. Prevention includes washing cuts with soap and water.
Chickenpox and Shingles	Varicella-zoster	Incubation for chickenpox is 14-16 days; shingles affects nerves.	Virus	Skin (chickenpox), Nerves (shingles)	Latent, incubation 10-20 days	Chickenpox: fatigue, fever, rash; Shingles: painful rash, possible persistent pain.	Transmitted via inhalation of respiratory secretions or contact with skin lesions. >95% of U.S. population acquires chickenpox by age 20.	Chickenpox vaccine for prevention; antiviral medications for treatment.
Trachoma	Chlamydia trachomatis	Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, distinct life cycles.	Bacterial	Eyes	Elementary bodies, reticulate bodies	Chronic eye infection, inflammation, scarring.	Affects ~229 million people globally. Blindness results from recurrent infections.	Antibiotic treatment; good hygiene practices to prevent infection.
Bacterial Meningitis	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae	Gram-negative, coffee-bean shaped diplococci; grows best at 35-37°C with ~5% CO2.	Bacterial	Nervous System	Capsule polysaccharide, surface adhesive proteins	Painful, stiff neck, headaches, high fever, confusion, sensitivity to light, skin rash.	Develops from hematogenous spread.	Intravenous antibiotics and corticosteroids; prevention through hand hygiene and avoiding sharing utensils.
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)	Prion protein	Disease determined by exponential growth rate of prion replication.	Prion virus	Brain	Abnormal prion acts as enzyme to refold normal form.	Personality changes, memory loss, impaired thinking, blurred vision, insomnia, difficulty speaking or swallowing.	Transformation of normal prion protein into disease-causing form. vCJD is incurable with no known treatments to slow progression.	Prevention by avoiding beef products or selecting specific types of beef.
Septicemia	Staphylococcus aureus & Streptococcus pneumoniae	Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria.	Bacterial	Cardiovascular & Major Organs	Capsule formation, facultative anaerobic growth, adhesion capabilities	Fever, chills, low body temperature, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, discolored skin.	Rapid inflammatory response leads to systemic symptoms; affects ~1.7 million adults in the U.S. annually.	Treatment includes antibiotics and managing blood flow; prevention involves avoiding smoking and unprescribed drugs.
Endocarditis	Viridans streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Gram-negative rod bacteria.	Bacterial	Heart	Capsules, endotoxin, exotoxins	Aching joints, chest pain, fatigue, flu-like symptoms, swelling in legs or abdomen.	Bacteria colonize previously damaged heart tissue; incidence ranges from 2.6 to 7 cases per 100,000 annually in developed countries.	Treatment includes antibiotics; prevention through dental care and hygiene practices.
Lyme Disease	Borrelia burgdorferi	Atypical gram-negative cell membrane; spiral bacterial shape.	Bacterial	Nervous System, Joints, Skin, Heart	Uses manganese instead of iron to evade immune response.	Fever, headache, fatigue, skin rash (erythema migrans).	Pathogen enters skin at tick bite, migrating locally, affecting lymphatics and organs. Most common vector-borne illness in North America and Europe.	Treatment involves antibiotics; prevention through insect repellent and reducing tick habitats.
Infectious Mononucleosis	Epstein-Barr virus	Discrete viral life cycle with phases of primary infection and latency.	Virus	Blood and Bone Marrow	Latency in B cells, evasion of immune response	Extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, rash.	Transmitted primarily through contact with oropharyngeal secretions; ~500 cases per 100,000 annually in the U.S.	Treatment involves rest, hydration, and good nutrition; prevention includes avoiding close contact and sharing utensils.

Disease

Pathogen Name

Characteristics

Type of Pathogen

Body

System Affected

Virulence Factor

Signs & Symptoms

Pathogenesis and Epidemiology

Disease Treatment & Prevention

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

Staphylococcus aureus

Gram-positive, presents 48 hours after birth, survives on surfaces for hours to weeks.

Bacterial skin

Skin

Antigens, Capsule, Adhesins, Enzymes, Coagulase, Lipase, Hyaluronidase, Staphylokinase

Fussiness, tiredness, fever, redness of skin, fluid-filled blisters, large sheets of skin may peel away.

Caused by exfoliative toxin from ~5% of Staphylococcus aureus. Initial infection at oral/nasal cavities or umbilicus. Affects ~56 per 100,000.

Intravenous antibiotics necessary; prevention involves avoiding primary staphylococcal infection.

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Staphylococcus pyogenes / S. aureus

Anaerobic, gram-positive coccus; survives on surfaces for hours to weeks.

Bacterial

Tissue

Polysaccharide capsules, M proteins

Hot, intense pain, fever, fatigue, muscle aches, sunburn rash.

Rapidly spreading infection with extensive tissue destruction. Incidence is 0.40 per 100,000 in adults; higher in children at 0.08.

Immediate IV antibiotics; surgical removal of infected tissue often required. Prevention includes washing cuts with soap and water.

Chickenpox and Shingles

Varicella-zoster

Incubation for chickenpox is 14-16 days; shingles affects nerves.

Virus

Skin (chickenpox), Nerves (shingles)

Latent, incubation 10-20 days

Chickenpox: fatigue, fever, rash; Shingles: painful rash, possible persistent pain.

Transmitted via inhalation of respiratory secretions or contact with skin lesions. >95% of U.S. population acquires chickenpox by age 20.

Chickenpox vaccine for prevention; antiviral medications for treatment.

Trachoma

Chlamydia trachomatis

Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, distinct life cycles.

Bacterial

Eyes

Elementary bodies, reticulate bodies

Chronic eye infection, inflammation, scarring.

Affects ~229 million people globally. Blindness results from recurrent infections.

Antibiotic treatment; good hygiene practices to prevent infection.

Bacterial Meningitis

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae

Gram-negative, coffee-bean shaped diplococci; grows best at 35-37°C with ~5% CO2.

Bacterial

Nervous System

Capsule polysaccharide, surface adhesive proteins

Painful, stiff neck, headaches, high fever, confusion, sensitivity to light, skin rash.

Develops from hematogenous spread.

Intravenous antibiotics and corticosteroids; prevention through hand hygiene and avoiding sharing utensils.

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

Prion protein

Disease determined by exponential growth rate of prion replication.

Prion virus

Brain

Abnormal prion acts as enzyme to refold normal form.

Personality changes, memory loss, impaired thinking, blurred vision, insomnia, difficulty speaking or swallowing.

Transformation of normal prion protein into disease-causing form. vCJD is incurable with no known treatments to slow progression.

Prevention by avoiding beef products or selecting specific types of beef.

Septicemia

Staphylococcus aureus & Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria.

Bacterial

Cardiovascular & Major Organs

Capsule formation, facultative anaerobic growth, adhesion capabilities

Fever, chills, low body temperature, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, discolored skin.

Rapid inflammatory response leads to systemic symptoms; affects ~1.7 million adults in the U.S. annually.

Treatment includes antibiotics and managing blood flow; prevention involves avoiding smoking and unprescribed drugs.

Endocarditis

Viridans streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Gram-negative rod bacteria.

Bacterial

Heart

Capsules, endotoxin, exotoxins

Aching joints, chest pain, fatigue, flu-like symptoms, swelling in legs or abdomen.

Bacteria colonize previously damaged heart tissue; incidence ranges from 2.6 to 7 cases per 100,000 annually in developed countries.

Treatment includes antibiotics; prevention through dental care and hygiene practices.

Lyme Disease

Borrelia burgdorferi

Atypical gram-negative cell membrane; spiral bacterial shape.

Bacterial

Nervous System, Joints, Skin, Heart

Uses manganese instead of iron to evade immune response.

Fever, headache, fatigue, skin rash (erythema migrans).

Pathogen enters skin at tick bite, migrating locally, affecting lymphatics and organs. Most common vector-borne illness in North America and Europe.

Treatment involves antibiotics; prevention through insect repellent and reducing tick habitats.

Infectious Mononucleosis

Epstein-Barr virus

Discrete viral life cycle with phases of primary infection and latency.

Virus

Blood and Bone Marrow

Latency in B cells, evasion of immune response

Extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, rash.

Transmitted primarily through contact with oropharyngeal secretions; ~500 cases per 100,000 annually in the U.S.

Treatment involves rest, hydration, and good nutrition; prevention includes avoiding close contact and sharing utensils.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Bacterial Meningitis.

Ghosh, S., & Rajesh, G. (2020). Understanding Infectious Mononucleosis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 221(2), 298-310.

BIOS 242 Week 6 Disease Worksheet

Johnson, J. (2022). Trachoma and Eye Health. Global Health Journal, 15(4), 112-118.

National Institutes of Health. (2020). Lyme Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment.

World Health Organization. (2021). Global Health Estimates: Leading Causes of Death.

November 16, 2024

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