BIOS 255 Week 1 Lab Instructions

BIOS 255 Week 1 Lab Instructions

Name

Chamberlain University

BIOS-255: Anatomy & Physiology III with Lab

Prof. Name

Date

Lab Instructions:

Mastering Laboratory Safety and Blood Typing Techniques

Laboratory exercises play a crucial role in the foundational understanding of human anatomy and physiology. Week 1 of your laboratory experience includes critical activities such as a Lab Safety Quiz, Blood Typing Experiment, and a Blood Histology PowerPoint presentation. Below, we provide a comprehensive overview of the tasks and expectations, which are designed to enhance your skills in laboratory safety, blood analysis, and histological identification of blood components.

Laboratory Safety Quiz: A Foundational Step

Before diving into the intricacies of blood typing and histology, it is vital to ensure your comprehension of lab safety procedures. This initial activity emphasizes the importance of maintaining a safe environment during laboratory experiments.

Key Points for the Lab Safety Quiz:

• Review Safety Guidelines: The safety procedures provided in the Chamberlain University Laboratory Safety Training must be thoroughly reviewed. These guidelines will keep you and your peers safe during all laboratory activities.
• Certification Completion: After reviewing the slides, complete the online Lab Safety Quiz by the due date specified in your Canvas course. This certification ensures that you understand and can implement the safety measures required in the lab.

Points for this activity: 5 points

Blood Typing Experiment and Analysis

The next critical component of Week 1 is a hands-on Blood Typing Experiment, where you’ll learn how to identify different blood types and understand the importance of blood compatibility during transfusions.

Part 1: Pre-Lab Activity

Before the laboratory session, ensure that you complete the Pre-Lab Activity. This will equip you with the necessary background knowledge to understand how antibodies and antigens interact during blood typing.

• Submission: Each student must submit their completed Pre-Lab Activity to the designated Canvas assignment by the due date.

Points for this activity: 5 points

Part 2: Conducting the Blood Typing Experiment

Working in teams, you will conduct the blood typing experiment. This practical exercise will involve analyzing blood samples using Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-Rh serums to determine blood types based on agglutination reactions.

1. Preparation: Gather the necessary supplies, which include the blood typing slide, serums, and toothpicks.
2. Experiment Procedure:
   • Place one drop of each blood sample into the designated wells on the slide.
   • Add the Anti-A serum to well A, Anti-B serum to well B, and Anti-Rh serum to well C.
   • Stir each well with separate toothpicks for 30 seconds, and dispose of the toothpicks after each use to avoid cross-contamination.
   • Observe the results and record any agglutination reactions, which will help determine the blood type.
3. Submission: Each team will submit one completed worksheet to Canvas, ensuring all team members’ names are included.

Points for this activity: 10 points

Blood Histology PowerPoint

The Blood Histology activity focuses on identifying, photographing, and labeling the formed elements of blood. This assignment will help solidify your understanding of blood cells and their functions.

Step-by-Step Instructions:

1. Obtain a Blood Smear Slide: Using a microscope, examine a prepared blood smear slide.
2. Identify and Photograph Blood Cells: You will locate and photograph the following blood elements:
   • Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
   • Neutrophil
   • Lymphocyte
   • Monocyte
   • Eosinophil
   • Basophil (can be found online due to its rarity in healthy samples)
   • Platelets (small purple dots)
3. Create a PowerPoint:
   • For each blood element, create a slide with your photograph and provide a brief description including its function, normal concentration, and conditions that could increase or decrease its concentration.
   • Ensure that you follow APA formatting and cite your sources according to Chamberlain’s Academic Integrity Guidelines.
4. Submission: Submit the PowerPoint presentation to the appropriate Canvas assignment by the due date.

Points for this activity: 10 points

Understanding Blood Typing: Crucial for Safe Transfusions

Blood typing is essential for safe blood transfusions. A mismatch between donor and recipient blood types can result in a dangerous reaction, known as agglutination, which may cause life-threatening complications like acute renal failure.

The Role of Antibodies and Antigens:

• Blood types are determined by specific proteins (antigens) on the surface of red blood cells. If a person receives blood with incompatible antigens, their body will produce antibodies that attack the foreign blood cells, leading to agglutination.
• For example, a person with Type A blood has A antigens and produces antibodies against Type B blood. If they were to receive Type B blood, their body would react negatively, causing the red blood cells to clump together.

ABO and Rh Systems

Blood is classified based on the presence or absence of two antigens (A and B), and an additional antigen called the Rh factor. This leads to eight possible blood types:

• O Positive: 38% of the U.S. population
• A Positive: 34%
• B Positive: 9%
• O Negative: 7%
• A Negative: 6%
• AB Positive: 3%
• B Negative: 2%
• AB Negative: 1%

Understanding these types is critical in determining blood compatibility during medical procedures.

Conducting a Blood Typing Test: Step-by-Step

The blood typing test in the lab will provide you with hands-on experience. Below are the materials you’ll need for the test:

• Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-D (Rh) serums
• Blood typing slides
• Toothpicks for stirring
• Blood samples from donors

Procedure:

1. Place one drop of blood into each well on the typing slide.
2. Add the corresponding serums to each well (Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-Rh).
3. Stir each well and observe the results for agglutination, which indicates a positive reaction.
4. Record your findings, as shown in the example table:

BIOS 255 Week 1 Lab Instructions

Conclusion

By mastering these Week 1 lab activities, you will develop essential skills in laboratory safety, blood typing, and histological analysis. Understanding the role of antigens and antibodies, as well as the consequences of incompatible blood transfusions, is fundamental for healthcare professionals. Make sure to follow all due dates as outlined in your Canvas calendar and adhere to academic integrity guidelines throughout your work.