BIOS 256 Week 4 Lab Instructions Urinary System

BIOS 256 Week 4 Lab Instructions Urinary System

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Chamberlain University

BIOS-256 Anatomy & Physiology IV with Lab

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Date

Lab Instructions for the Urinary System

The following instructions outline the steps for a laboratory activity focused on the urinary system. This lab includes a dissection of the kidney and answering associated critical thinking questions. Please refer to your syllabus under the section “Due Dates for Assignments & Exams” to ensure all deliverables are submitted on time.

Part A – Activity Overview

Deliverable Points: 30 points
Instructions: Complete all lab deliverables for Part A
Materials Needed:

• Kidney specimen
• Dissecting tools

Kidney Dissection Activity

The kidney dissection activity is divided into several steps, as described below:

1. Use your fingers or a blunt probe to remove any peripheral fat from the kidney specimen.
2. Locate the ureter, which originates at the renal hilum, the indentation seen on the medial side of the kidney.
3. Place the kidney flat on the dissecting tray. Begin a coronal incision at the renal hilum, cutting through the entire kidney length. Always cut away from your body for safety reasons.
4. Continue cutting through the kidney’s depth, separating it into two equal halves.
5. Lay both halves on your dissecting tray for examination.
6. Your specimen should resemble the image provided in the lab manual.
7. Identify all structures listed in Table 1 based on their corresponding letters in the image.
8. Answer the critical thinking questions at the end of the activity.

Table 1: Identification (10 Points)

Critical Thinking Questions

• Trace the path of urine from the renal papilla to the ureter (5 points):
  Urine flows from the renal papilla to the minor calyx, then to the major calyx, followed by the renal pelvis, and finally to the ureter.

• Trace the flow of blood throughout the kidney, starting with the renal artery and ending with the renal vein (5 points):
  Blood flows through the renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, the glomerulus, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, interlobular veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, and finally the renal vein.

BIOS 256 Week 3 Case Study Metabolism

• Trace the path of filtrate, starting with the glomerulus and ending at the collecting duct (5 points):
  Filtrate moves from the glomerulus to the proximal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, the distal convoluted tubule, and finally the collecting duct.

• List and describe five functions of the urinary system/kidneys (5 points):
  a. Fluid regulation: Controls water retention and thirst.
  b. Blood pressure regulation: Regulates blood pressure by controlling fluid levels.
  c. Waste removal: Filters blood to remove waste products and medications, expelled as urine.
  d. Electrolyte balance: Maintains the balance of salts and electrolytes, aiding in blood volume control.
  e. pH balance: Maintains the homeostatic balance of pH and acids in the blood.