CHEM 120 Week 1 Lab Report

CHEM 120 Week 1 Lab Report

CHEM 120 Week 1 Lab Report

Name

Chamberlain University

CHEM-120 Intro to General, Organic & Biological Chemistry

Prof. Name

Date

OL Lab 1: Chemistry Safety and Atomic Structure: Assess the Possibility of Life on Other Planets

Learning Objectives

The purpose of this lab was to strengthen our understanding of chemical safety and atomic structure. The objectives included identifying hazards posed by chemicals and how to handle them, learning how to respond in case of fire emergencies, and using CAS numbers for experiment planning. Additionally, the lab emphasized proper disposal methods for halogenated and non-halogenated waste, interpreting H and P phrases from the safety data sheet, and safely using a chemical fume hood.

From the atomic structure perspective, the learning objectives included explaining the concept of atoms, identifying the properties of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons), defining atomic number, atomic mass, and isotopes, as well as understanding the basics of the quantum atomic model and the four quantum numbers.

Dangers in the Laboratory

The Chemistry Safety lab highlighted the hazards posed by chemicals and the importance of recognizing them before beginning any experiment. Identifying risks is a critical step in ensuring safety and accuracy in laboratory practices.

Atoms and Subatomic Particles

Atoms form the basis of everything around us. Each atom is made of subatomic particles, namely protons, neutrons, and electrons. The simulation reinforced the idea that altering the number of electrons can result in either positively charged or negatively charged atoms.

Identifying Elements from the Periodic Table

As part of the mission, participants were teleported to an exoplanet to collect samples, analyze their properties, and investigate the possibility of life. The periodic table was a key tool in guiding these investigations.

Isotopes

The simulation also explained isotopes, which are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

The Quantum Model and Quantum Numbers

In the final portion, the lab introduced the quantum mechanical model of the atom and explained the four quantum numbers, which describe the positions and energy states of electrons in orbitals around the nucleus.

Part 1: Chemistry Safety

Question 1: Look up an MSDS of the chemical HCl. What are the major hazards and what precautions would you take when handling this chemical?

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is highly corrosive and presents serious hazards. It causes burns to the eyes, skin, digestive tract, and respiratory tract. Inhalation or ingestion may be fatal, and prolonged exposure can erode teeth. It is also corrosive to metals. Appropriate precautions include wearing protective gloves, goggles, lab coats, and working in a fume hood to minimize inhalation risks.

Question 2: Why is proper waste disposal important in a lab setting?

Proper disposal of waste ensures laboratory safety by preventing accidental chemical reactions, environmental hazards, and exposure to toxic materials. Correct disposal protects both individuals in the laboratory and the surrounding community.

Question 3: Why is the proper usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) key to a safe lab experience?

Properly used PPE protects laboratory personnel from exposure to harmful chemicals and reduces the risk of accidents. Safety goggles, gloves, and coats serve as protective barriers, ensuring both individual and collective safety in the laboratory environment.

Part 2: Atomic Structure – Assessing the Possibility of Life on Other Planets

Question 1: Purpose

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the atomic structure of elements collected from an exoplanet and to determine if these elements could support life. By understanding atomic properties, isotopes, and ions, we can assess the chemical conditions necessary for life.

Question 2: Observations

The following observations were made during the simulation:

CHEM 120 Week 1 Lab Report

ObservationDetails
1Rocks collected from different areas had three distinct colors and chemical makeups.
2The gray/white rock produced a chemical reaction, indicating the presence of carbon.
3Ion differences were based on the number of electrons gained or lost. Anions carry negative charges (extra electrons), while cations carry positive charges (fewer electrons).

Question 3: Define the following terms in your own words

TermDefinition
IonAtoms with unequal numbers of protons and electrons.
IsotopeAtoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 4: Describe the three subatomic particles that make up atoms.

Atoms are composed of neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom, contributing to its mass. Electrons orbit the nucleus and are responsible for the atom’s charge and chemical behavior.

Question 5: You have an atom of carbon with a mass number of 14. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

  • Protons: 6 (since carbon always has 6 protons).

  • Neutrons: 8 (14 – 6 = 8).

  • Electrons: 6 (neutral atom, protons = electrons).

This represents an isotope of carbon, as the normal mass is 12.

Question 6: Reflection

Through this simulation, several key concepts were learned. First, atoms consist of subatomic particles that define their mass, charge, and behavior. Second, charged atoms are ions, which may be positive (cations) or negative (anions). Third, isotopes are atoms of the same element with different neutron counts. These lessons were applied to the chemical testing of rocks from an exoplanet. The discovery of carbon and the evidence of water and carbon dioxide suggested that the planet could theoretically support life.

In real-world applications, understanding isotopes, ions, and chemical reactions is critical in medicine, particularly in radiation therapy and chemotherapy. For example, isotopes are used in diagnostic imaging, while chemical reactions form the basis of pharmaceutical effectiveness. These concepts will be valuable in future careers involving radioactive equipment or medical treatments.

Grading Rubric

ActivityDeliverablePoints
Part IComplete Chemical Safety Simulation10
Part IIComplete Chemistry Safety and Atomic Structure Simulation10
Part IIIComplete Lab Report and Answer Questions (Purpose: 1 pt, Observations: 3 pts, Questions: 6 pts, Reflection: 5 pts)15
TotalAll lab activities completed35

References

Labster. (n.d.). Chemistry safety. Labster Simulation.

CHEM 120 Week 1 Lab Report

Labster. (n.d.). Atomic structure: Assess the possibility of life on other planets. Labster Simulation.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2020). Hydrochloric acid: Chemical safety. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov