NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 4 Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 4 Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue

Name

Capella University

NHS-FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective

Prof. Name

Date

Analyze a Current Health Care Problem or Issue

Technological advancements, including the integration of Electronic Health Records (EHR) and the utilization of Personal Health Information (PHI), offer novel chances for improving patient management and operational efficiency in healthcare settings. However, the widespread adoption of EHR systems and the storage of PHI also introduce cybersecurity vulnerabilities, making healthcare systems susceptible to threats like cyber attacks and unauthorized data access (Almalawi et al., 2023). In 2023, a staggering 133 million records were exposed, stolen, or improperly disclosed. The most significant breach of the year impacted 11,270,000 individuals (Watson, 2022). This assessment examines the pressing issue of cybersecurity vulnerabilities in healthcare, exacerbated by technological advancements. It explores the multifaceted challenges posed by cyber threats and potential solutions to these in healthcare settings.

Elements of The Problem/Issue

Technological advancements in healthcare refer to the continuous development and integration of innovative technologies to improve various aspects of healthcare delivery, patient outcomes, and operational efficiency. These advancements encompass a wide range of technologies, including EHR, telemedicine, wearable devices, Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and 5G communication networks. It also introduces vulnerabilities like cybersecurity that can compromise patient data privacy, data integrity, and system security (Junaid et al., 2022). 

Wang et al. (2021), emphasize the interconnected trait of IoT devices, AI algorithmic bias, and vulnerabilities in blockchain and cloud computing. This insight sheds light on how various technological components in healthcare are interdependent, making them susceptible to cyber threats. Understanding these interconnections is crucial for developing comprehensive cybersecurity strategies. Kumar et al. (2023) highlight the risks associated with IoT devices in healthcare, including inadequate encryption protocols and vulnerabilities to data breaches. It focuses on specific examples of cyber threats targeting medical equipment and wearable devices. This article demonstrates the pressing need for rich security standards to protect PHI and ensure safety and privacy.

Lee et al. (2023), discuss the cybersecurity challenges introduced by the emergence of 5G communication networks in healthcare. They point out how the high-speed and low-response time capacities of 5G networks enable real-time remote healthcare services but also increase susceptibility to cyber threats like man-in-the-middle attacks. This article underscores the importance of securing medical devices and communication channels in the era of 5G technology. Dang et al. (2019), focus on the cybersecurity risks associated with cloud computing infrastructure in healthcare. They highlight how centralized cloud servers can become lucrative targets for cyber attacks, leading to potential breaches of sensitive patient information and disruptions in critical healthcare services. This article emphasizes the need for rich security standards to guard cloud-based healthcare data effectively.

Reasons 

These scholarly articles provide information on the interconnected nature of technological advancements in healthcare, such as IoT devices, AI, blockchain, and cloud computing. By highlighting the vulnerabilities and risks associated with these technologies, they underscore the critical importance of implementing robust cybersecurity measures in healthcare settings(Wang et al., 2021). The examples provided illustrate how cyber threats can exploit weaknesses in IoT devices, 5G networks, and cloud computing infrastructure, leading to potential breaches of sensitive patient data and disruptions in medical operations (Lee et al., 2023). These articles are published in reputable, peer-reviewed journals; these studies provide detailed analyses of various aspects of healthcare technology, particularly emphasizing the importance of protecting confidentiality and ensuring information safety (Dang et al., 2019). Such resources are invaluable for gaining comprehensive knowledge of the issues and requirements involved in safeguarding medical information amidst technological progress (Kumar et al., 2023).

Analysis of The Problem

The healthcare industry, particularly hospitals, faces a pressing cybersecurity issue exacerbated by rapid technological advancements. It underscores the industry’s vulnerability due to lagging in protecting stakeholders and the complex nature of hospital IT systems, which are increasingly susceptible to cyber threats  (Jofre et al., 2021). The integration of innovative technologies introduces new risks, including data breaches and unauthorized access, jeopardizing patient privacy and healthcare service continuity. These risks necessitate comprehensive cybersecurity measures, including risk assessment, mitigation strategies, and employee training, to safeguard healthcare organizations and their critical infrastructures against evolving threats (Jofre et al., 2021). Cyberattacks and data breaches in healthcare stem from various causes, including vulnerabilities in IT systems, phishing attacks, insider threats, ransomware, third-party risks, lack of security awareness, inadequate encryption, and legacy systems. These vulnerabilities can lead to unapproved access to healthcare networks, theft of PHI, disruptions in healthcare procedures, and compromised patient care (Poleto et al., 2021).

  Healthcare facility administrators and IT personnel bear the responsibility of protecting PHI and maintaining the wholeness of digital systems against cyber threats. Furthermore, insurance providers and regulatory bodies are affected as they must ensure compliance with cybersecurity regulations and assess the financial and legal implications of potential data breaches (Sardi et al., 2020). For example, in 2019, a staggering total of 505 healthcare data breaches were reported across 86 countries, exposing, stealing, or illegally disclosing approximately 41.2 million healthcare records.

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 4 Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue

These breaches incurred significant financial losses within the healthcare industry, with costs reaching $6.45 million for each case, notably higher than the overall average of $3.92 million. Particularly in the USA, where data breaches tend to be most costly, the expense of a data violation soared to a staggering $15 million, illustrating the severe financial ramifications of cybersecurity incidents in the healthcare sector (Seh et al., 2020). Cybersecurity issues affect various stakeholders within the healthcare sector. Patients are primarily impacted as their sensitive health information could be compromised in cyber-attacks, leading to potential privacy breaches and identity theft. Healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, and administrative staff, also face challenges as cyber-attacks can disrupt essential medical services (Sardi et al., 2020).

Cyberattacks in healthcare involve individuals, including malicious hackers and sometimes even insiders, who have access to sensitive information. These attacks are often increased by factors such as the lucrative black market for stolen healthcare data and inadequate cybersecurity measures, which create new vulnerabilities for exploitation. Additionally, the interconnected nature of healthcare networks and the critical need for uninterrupted access to patient data make the sector particularly attractive and vulnerable to cyber threats (Seh et al., 2020).

Potential Solutions

Addressing the pervasive threat of cybersecurity risks in technological advancements necessitates a multifaceted approach to mitigate vulnerabilities and safeguard sensitive data. One potential solution lies in the implementation of robust encryption protocols across all levels of data transmission and storage. Advanced encryption methods, such as end-to-end encryption, homomorphic encryption techniques, and blockchain technology, can significantly enhance data security by rendering intercepted information unreadable to unauthorized parties (Ali et al., 2023). Moreover, funding for updated cybersecurity infrastructure and regularly updating software and firmware can fortify defenses against evolving cyber threats. This study includes deploying intrusion detection systems, firewalls, and authentication mechanisms to detect and stop forbidden approaches to networks and systems (Arafa et al., 2023). 

Raising cybersecurity awareness and education among employees and users is paramount. Conducting regular training sessions to educate healthcare providers on recognizing phishing attempts, practicing safe browsing habits, and adhering to strict password management policies can significantly reduce the likelihood of successful cyberattacks (Alnajim et al., 2023). Furthermore, collaborating with cybersecurity experts and regulatory authorities to develop and enforce stringent compliance standards and regulations can ensure accountability and promote adherence to best practices in data protection. By establishing comprehensive frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), organizations can mitigate legal and financial repercussions resulting from data breaches (Pardayevna, 2023). Failure to address cybersecurity risks in technological advancements can result in severe effects, both for organizations and individuals. Ignoring these issues can result in substantial financial losses due to legal penalties, remediation costs, and damage to reputation and customer trust. Moreover, the exposure of sensitive personal and medical data can have profound implications for individuals, including identity theft, fraud, and compromised privacy (Kioskli et al., 2023).

 Implementation of Ethical Solutions

Deploying technology solutions necessitates a comprehensive assessment of ethical standards to harmonize with medical professionals’ legal duties. Enhancing cybersecurity in healthcare demands following moral principles like beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice to ensure patient welfare and fairness. The implementation of a thorough assessment of existing cybersecurity measures follows the autonomy that empowers healthcare organizations to respect patients’ rights to control their data. By conducting this assessment, organizations ensure transparency and accountability in how patient information is handled and protected (Lieneck et al., 2023). For example, it will allow patients to trust that their data is being safeguarded effectively. It will encourage them to make informed decisions about their healthcare without fear of unauthorized access or breaches of confidentiality (Yeng et al., 2022).

Conducting regular training sessions and simulated phishing exercises demonstrates beneficence by prioritizing the well-being of employees and patients. By equipping staff with skills to identify and address security threats, healthcare organizations actively work towards protecting PHI and EHR and ensuring the unity of healthcare services (Echeverría et al., 2021). For instance, implementing appropriate security controls and policies such as HIPAA and GDPR further contributes to the beneficent goal of protecting patient confidentiality and maintaining trust in the healthcare system (Lee et al., 2021). 

Thorough assessments and corrective actions reflect non-maleficence by proactively addressing potential risks to patient data and healthcare operations. By identifying and rectifying deficiencies in compliance with regulatory standards, healthcare organizations mitigate the possibility of harm caused by data breaches or security vulnerabilities (Lieneck et al., 2023). For example, establishing a robust risk management framework further ensures the prevention of adverse consequences associated with cybersecurity risks (Alabdulatif et al., 2022). Collaboration with stakeholders and sharing intelligence promotes justice by providing equal access to cybersecurity resources and knowledge across the healthcare sector, regardless of organizational size or resources. For example, it fosters a collaborative environment where all parties work together to strengthen cybersecurity defenses and mitigate threats, thus promoting fairness and equity in safeguarding patient data  (Aivaliotis et al., 2022).

Conclusion

In conclusion, this assessment addresses the cybersecurity challenges posed by technological advancements in healthcare, emphasizing vulnerabilities introduced by EHR systems and PHI utilization. It examines the causes and impacts of cyber threats, proposes potential solutions, and underscores the ethical implications of implementing cybersecurity measures in healthcare settings.

Reference 

Aivaliotis, V., Tsantikidou, K., & Sklavos, N. (2022). IoT-based multi-sensor healthcare architectures and a lightweight-based privacy scheme. Sensors, 22(11), 4269. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114269 

Alabdulatif, A., Khalil, I., & Saidur Rahman, M. (2022). Security of blockchain and AI-empowered smart healthcare: Application-based analysis. Applied Sciences, 12(21), 11039. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122111039 

Ali, A., Al-rimy, B. A. S., Alsubaei, F. S., Almazroi, A. A., & Almazroi, A. A. (2023). HealthLock: Blockchain-based privacy preservation using homomorphic encryption in internet of things healthcare applications. Sensors, 23(15), 6762. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156762 

Almalawi, A., Khan, A. I., Alsolami, F., Abushark, Y. B., & Alfakeeh, A. S. (2023). Managing security of healthcare data for a modern healthcare system. Sensors, 23(7), 3612. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073612 

Alnajim, A. M., Habib, S., Islam, M., AlRawashdeh, H. S., & Wasim, M. (2023). Exploring cybersecurity education and training techniques: A comprehensive review of traditional, virtual reality, and augmented reality approaches. Symmetry, 15(12), 2175. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15122175 

Arafa, A., Sheerah, H. A., & Alsalamah, S. (2023). Emerging digital technologies in healthcare with a spotlight on cybersecurity: A narrative review. Information, 14(12), 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/info14120640 

Dang, L. M., Piran, Md. J., Han, D., Min, K., & Moon, H. (2019). A survey on internet of things and cloud computing for healthcare. Electronics, 8(7), 768. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070768 

Echeverría, A., Cevallos, C., Ortiz-Garces, I., & Andrade, R. O. (2021). Cybersecurity model based on hardening for secure internet of things implementation. Applied Sciences, 11(7), 3260. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073260 

Jofre, M., Llobet, D. N., Agulló, R., Puig, J., Granadillo, G. G., Zamorano, J. M., & Romeu, R. (2021). Cybersecurity and privacy risk assessment of point-of-care systems in healthcare—A use case approach. Applied Sciences, 11(15), 6699. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156699 

Junaid, S. B., Imam, A. A., Balogun, A. O., De Silva, L. C., Surakat, Y. A., Kumar, G., Abdulkarim, M., Shuaibu, A. N., Garba, A., Sahalu, Y., Mohammed, A., Mohammed, T. Y., Abdulkadir, B. A., Abba, A. A., Kakumi, N. A. I., & Mahamad, S. (2022). Recent advancements in emerging technologies for healthcare management systems: A Survey. Healthcare, 10(10), 1940. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101940 

Kioskli, K., Fotis, T., Nifakos, S., & Mouratidis, H. (2023). The importance of conceptualising the human-centric approach in maintaining and promoting cybersecurity-hygiene in healthcare 4.0. Applied Sciences, 13(6), 3410. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063410 

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 4 Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue

Kumar, M., Kumar, A., Verma, S., Bhattacharya, P., Ghimire, D., Kim, S., & Hosen, A. S. M. S. (2023). Healthcare Internet of Things (H-IoT): Current trends, future prospects, applications, challenges, and security issues. Electronics, 12(9), 2050. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092050 

Lee, M.-H., Liu, I-Hsien., Huang, H.-C., & Li, J.-S. (2023). Cyber security in a 5G-based smart healthcare network: A base station case study. Engineering Proceedings, 55(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023055050 

Lee, T.-F., Chang, I-Pin., & Kung, T.-S. (2021). Blockchain-based healthcare information preservation using extended chaotic maps for HIPAA privacy/security regulations. Applied Sciences, 11(22), 10576. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210576 

Lieneck, C., McLauchlan, M., & Phillips, S. (2023). Healthcare cybersecurity ethical concerns during the COVID-19 global pandemic: A rapid review. Healthcare, 11(22), 2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11222983 

Pardayevna, K. N. (2023). The role of foreign language learning in forming professional competences of future economists. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 37(3), 769. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7699408 

Poleto, T., Carvalho, V. D. H. de, Silva, A. L. B. da, Clemente, T. R. N., Silva, M. M., Gusmão, A. P. H. de, Costa, A. P. C. S., & Nepomuceno, T. C. C. (2021). Fuzzy cognitive scenario mapping for causes of cybersecurity in telehealth services. Healthcare, 9(11), 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111504 

Sardi, A., Rizzi, A., Sorano, E., & Guerrieri, A. (2020). Cyber risk in health facilities: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 12(17), 7002. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177002 

Seh, A. H., Zarour, M., Alenezi, M., Sarkar, A. K., Agrawal, A., Kumar, R., & Khan, R. A. (2020). Healthcare data breaches: Insights and implications. Healthcare, 8(2), 133. NCBI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020133 

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 4 Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue

Wang, Q., Su, M., Zhang, M., & Li, R. (2021). Integrating digital technologies and public health to fight COVID-19 pandemic: Key technologies, applications, challenges and outlook of digital healthcare. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 6053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116053 

Watson, R. M. (2022). Healthcare data breach statistics. HIPAA Journal. https://www.hipaajournal.com/healthcare-data-breach-statistics/ 

Yeng, P. K., Fauzi, M. A., & Yang, B. (2022). A comprehensive assessment of human factors in cyber security compliance toward enhancing the security practice of healthcare staff in paperless hospitals. Information, 13(7), 335. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13070335