NR 283 Quiz 1

NR 283 Quiz 1

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Chamberlain University

NR-283: Pathophysiology

Prof. Name

Date

Pathophysiology Quiz 1

Name: __

1. Pathophysiology entails the examination of:
   a. the structure of the human body.
   b. the functions of different organs in the body.
   c. functional or structural alterations resulting from disease processes. Correct
   d. various cell structures and their functions.

2. The term used to describe the number of new and existing cases in a specific population within a defined time frame is:
   a. prevalence.
   b. occurrence.
   c. incidence.
   d. abstinence.

3. The concept of prognosis pertains to the:
   a. period of recovery and return to a normal state.
   b. expected outcome of the disease. Correct
   c. mortality and morbidity rates within a given population.
   d. typical collection of signs and symptoms.

4. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:
   a. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness.
   b. signs and symptoms of a disease. Correct
   c. factors that trigger an acute episode of a chronic illness.
   d. early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection.

5. A rapidly developing short-term illness, potentially featuring a high fever or severe pain, is termed:
   a. latent.
   b. chronic.
   c. manifestation.
   d. acute. Correct

6. A situation in which there is a greater than anticipated number of cases of an infectious disease within a specific area is called a/an:
   a. epidemic. Correct
   b. exacerbation.
   c. morbidity.
   d. pandemic.

7. A deficiency of oxygen in the cells, typically resulting from respiratory or circulatory issues, is referred to as:
   a. apoptosis.
   b. ischemia. Correct
   c. hypertrophy.
   d. necrosis.

8. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of epidemiology?
   a. The science of tracking the occurrence and distribution of diseases. Correct
   b. The relative number of deaths attributable to a specific disease.
   c. The identification of a particular disease through the evaluation of signs and symptoms.
   d. The global pursuit of emerging diseases.

9. A tissue alteration characterized by cells that differ in size and shape and display increased mitotic figures (proliferation) would be identified as:
   a. metaplasia.
   b. atrophy.
   c. dysplasia. Correct
   d. hypertrophy.

10. Which of the following items is typically included in a medical history?

    1. Previous illnesses or surgeries
    2. Current illnesses, both acute and chronic
    3. Prescribed medications or other treatments
    4. Nonprescription drugs and herbal remedies
    5. Current allergies
       a. 1, 3
       b. 2, 4, 5
       c. 1, 3, 4
       d. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Correct

11. When the hydrostatic pressure of the blood is elevated above the norm, water will shift from the:
    a. blood into the interstitial compartment. Correct
    b. interstitial compartment into the cells.
    c. interstitial compartment into the blood.
    d. cells into the interstitial compartment.

12. The center responsible for controlling thirst is situated in the:
    a. kidneys.
    b. thalamus.
    c. medulla.
    d. hypothalamus. Correct

13. In blood and extracellular fluids, hypernatremia denotes:
    a. a sodium deficiency.
    b. an excess phosphate level.
    c. an elevated sodium level. Correct
    d. an excessively low phosphate level.

14. Hypocalcemia results in weakened cardiac contractions because:
    a. the permeability of nerve membranes increases.
    b. insufficient calcium ions are available for muscle contraction. Correct
    c. low phosphate levels inhibit muscle contraction.
    d. excessive calcium accumulates in cardiac muscle.

15. A common cause of hyponatremia is:
    a. Excessive sweating. Correct
    b. Excessive secretion of aldosterone.
    c. Prolonged periods of rapid, deep breathing.
    d. Loss of the thirst mechanism.

16. Which of the following would lead to edema?
    a. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
    b. Increased capillary osmotic pressure.
    c. Decreased capillary permeability.
    d. Increased capillary permeability. Correct

17. Increased intake of milk and/or antacids can lead to the development of “milk-alkali syndrome,” which may cause:
    a. Hyponatremia.
    b. Hyperkalemia.
    c. Hypercalcemia. Correct
    d. Hypovolemia.

18. Hypokalemia signifies a condition in which the serum has a very low concentration of which ion?
    a. Sodium
    b. Phosphate
    c. Calcium
    d. Potassium. Correct

19. Which of the following would result from a shortage of plasma proteins?
    a. Increased osmotic pressure
    b. Decreased osmotic pressure. Correct
    c. Increased hydrostatic pressure
    d. Decreased hydrostatic pressure

20. Which of the following terms describes a combination of reduced circulating blood volume along with excess fluid in a body cavity?
    a. Third-spacing. Correct
    b. Hypovolemia
    c. Water retention
    d. Dehydration

NR 283 Quiz 1