NR 283 Quiz 2

NR 283 Quiz 2

Name

Chamberlain University

NR-283: Pathophysiology

Prof. Name

Date

Quiz 2: Pathophysiology

Name: __

1. Which color of sputum would most likely suggest a bacterial chest infection?
   a. Clear
   b. White
   c. Frothy
   d. Thick yellowish

2. What occurs in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?
   a. Air is expelled from the lungs.
   b. Lung volume expands.
   c. Intrapulmonic pressure falls.
   d. Intrapleural pressure decreases.

3. When blood oxygen levels drop or if blood flow is significantly reduced, a condition known as ___ occurs.
   a. goosebumps
   b. hypocapnia
   c. cyanosis
   d. jaundice

4. Why do secondary infections often arise in pruritic lesions?
   a. Loss of protective sebum
   b. Entry of resident flora during scratching of the lesion
   c. Blockage of sebaceous glands
   d. Increased sweat production

5. Tinea capitis is an infection affecting the:
   a. trunk.
   b. feet.
   c. scalp.
   d. nails.

6. The greatest volume of air a person can expel after a full inhalation is referred to as the:
   a. expiratory reserve volume.
   b. inspiratory reserve volume.
   c. total lung capacity.
   d. vital capacity.

7. What effect does hypercapnia have?
   a. Increased serum pH
   b. Decreased respiratory rate
   c. Respiratory acidosis
   d. Decreased carbonic acid in the blood

8. Why are individuals prone to recurrent infections from the influenza virus?
   a. Elderly patients are at higher risk for secondary infections.
   b. The virus can be transmitted in many ways.
   c. The virus is challenging to eliminate.
   d. Viral mutations decrease immunity from previous infections or vaccinations

9. Persistent thick mucus in the bronchioles of a child with cystic fibrosis may lead to: (select all that apply)
   a. airflow obstruction in bronchioles and small bronchi.
   b. frequent infections.
   c. blockage of pancreatic and bile ducts.
   d. irreversible lung tissue damage.

10. What sign indicates total airway obstruction by aspirated material?
    a. Hoarse cough
    b. Rapid loss of consciousness
    c. Dyspnea
    d. Mucosal inflammation

11. The skin lesion associated with psoriasis is a(n):
    a. non-scaling, violet-colored pruritic papule.
    b. nodule.
    c. pruritic vesicle.
    d. erythematous, butterfly-shaped rash.
    e. thick, scaly plaque.

12. In allergic individuals, the reaction to consuming shellfish can be described as: (select all that apply)
    a. a Type I hypersensitivity reaction.
    b. associated with the formation of keloids.
    c. accompanied by urticaria.
    d. a condition that may lead to anaphylaxis.

13. Various types of skin infections, such as cellulitis (erysipelas), furuncles (boils), and impetigo, are commonly caused by:
    a. a virulent strain of group A Streptococcus.
    b. Mycobacterium leprae.
    c. Staphylococcus aureus.
    d. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

14. The typical manifestation of herpes simplex virus is:
    a. A painful nodule
    b. Pustule
    c. Cold sore or fever blister
    d. Fever

15. The likely cause of Kaposi sarcoma is:
    a. UV radiation
    b. Steroidal hormones
    c. Immunodeficiency
    d. Keratinization

16. A child is taken to the pediatrician with a history of lung infections and a persistent cough. Tests indicate her sweat contains high salt levels. These symptoms align with a diagnosis of:
    a. Tuberculosis
    b. Croup
    c. Cystic fibrosis
    d. Bronchogenic carcinoma

17. A patient diagnosed with lung cancer presents at the clinic with swelling in her face and arms. This is most likely due to:
    a. the tumor obstructing the superior vena cava and causing blood to back up, resulting in vasodilation of draining blood vessels and enlarged tissues due to excess blood.
    b. the tumor spreading to lymph nodes in the face and arms.
    c. the tumor blocking the superior vena cava, increasing hydrostatic pressure in the veins and forcing fluids into the tissues.
    d. a type III hypersensitivity reaction to the tumor antigens.

18. Match the disease with its characteristics: (2 pts)
    a. Pemphigus caused by human papillomavirus
    b. Atopic dermatitis caused by a mite
    c. Scabies an autoimmune disorder that leads to blisters
    d. Verrucae commonly known as eczema

19. Match the characteristics with the corresponding disease: (2 pts)
    a. Deficit of pancreatic digestive enzymes Tuberculosis
    b. May cause cavitation within lungs Apnea
    c. Characterized by episodic bronchospasm Asthma
    d. Result of pharyngeal tissue collapse during sleep Cystic fibrosis

20. Malignant melanoma arises from melanocytes in a nevus (mole). Skin cancer is suspected in any nevus showing changes defined by the ABCD criteria for melanoma. Identify these changes: (4 pts)

NR 283 Quiz 2

Answers:

1. d
2. a
3. c
4. b
5. c
6. d
7. c
8. d
9. a, b, c, d
10. b
11. e
12. a, c, d
13. c
14. c
15. c
16. c
17. c
18. d, c, a, b
19. b, d, c, a
20. Appearance (area), Border, Color, Diameter