NR 293 Skin and Skin Disorders

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Chamberlain University

NR-293: Pharmacology for Nursing Practice

Prof. Name

Date

Signs, Symptoms, and Causes of Skin Disorders

Impetigo:

Impetigo is a prevalent infection mainly affecting infants and children, caused by the highly contagious bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, particularly in newborns. Its key signs include quickly expanding lesions on the face that eventually burst, forming crusty scabs.

Psoriasis:

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by the abnormal activation of T cells and excessive keratinocyte production. It is non-contagious and typically appears as silvery plaques on areas like the face, scalp, elbows, and knees, often accompanied by itching or a burning sensation.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1:

The Herpes Simplex 1 virus is the leading cause of cold sores or fever blisters, usually near the lips. It spreads through saliva, primarily via direct contact. Symptoms include pain, sore lips, a burning sensation, tingling, itching, and the formation of fluid-filled blisters.

Nevi:

Nevi are darkly pigmented skin lesions, commonly known as moles or birthmarks. While most nevi are benign, some may be cancerous. It’s crucial to monitor these lesions for any changes that could indicate malignancy.

Varicella (Chickenpox):

Varicella, or chickenpox, is a highly contagious viral infection primarily affecting children. It is characterized by an itchy blister-like rash, along with symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

Zoster (Shingles):

Zoster, commonly referred to as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in adults who have previously had chickenpox. It presents as a painful rash that forms a stripe of blisters, typically affecting one side of the body, often on the trunk.

Pemphigus:

Pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder impacting the mucous membranes of the mouth and genitals. Autoantibodies disrupt the cohesion between epidermal cells, leading to blistering, skin shedding, and increased risk of secondary infections.

Urticaria (Chronic Hives):

Urticaria, or chronic hives, is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction triggered by certain substances or medications. It is characterized by intensely itchy, red, swollen welts on the skin, which may also cause itching in the throat, eyes, and lips.

Secondary Infections:

Secondary infections arise when opportunistic pathogens exploit a weakened immune system following a primary infection. Common examples include vaginal yeast infections following antibiotic use or bacterial pneumonia after a viral upper respiratory infection.

Candidiasis:

Candidiasis is a yeast infection caused by Candida albicans, often affecting mucous membranes or the skin, resulting in intense itching, inflammation, and a thick, white discharge.

Tinea Capitis:

Tinea capitis is a scalp infection that can be transmitted by cats and dogs. It presents with swollen, raised red rings, severe itching, dandruff, and bald patches on the scalp.

Skin Cancers:

Seborrheic keratosis is a benign skin condition characterized by the proliferation of basal cells, typically found on the face or upper trunk. Actinic keratosis refers to pigmented, scaly patches that can develop into skin cancer.

NR 293 Skin and Skin Disorders

Conclusion

In summary, skin disorders like impetigo, psoriasis, herpes simplex 1, nevi, varicella, zoster, pemphigus, urticaria, candidiasis, and tinea capitis each have distinct causes and symptoms. Understanding these conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, skin cancers such as seborrheic keratosis, actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and papule-nevus necessitate careful monitoring due to their potential malignancy.